of Management and a Board of Commissioners, nominated and appointed annually by the Council of Management. The Council has disciplinary powers of suspending or expelling an engineer from the association; certain penalties are fixed for non-professional conduct or for practising when not registered or not licensed.

4. Act to enable a municipality to borrow money for fodder purposes (c. 43) enables rural municipalities to borrow money not exceeding $50,000 for the purpose of furnishing feed, oats, hay, or potatoes to resident farmers on certain securities.

5. The Good Roads Act amended (c. 47) enables the Minister of Public Works to purchase gravel-pits, machinery, etc., for use in building roads, and to enable the Government to borrow up to five million dollars for good-roads purposes.

6. Act respecting housing in urban municipalities (c. 55) enables the Lieutenant-Governor in Council to raise by way of loan a sum not exceeding one million dollars in any one year, to lend to urban municipalities for the purpose of enabling the municipalities to make advances to persons to erect or repair houses within the municipality.

7. Industrial Conditions Act of 1919 amended (c. 57) regulates the right of employers and employees to organize for any lawful purpose, and right of employers or employees to bargain with one another individually or collectively through their organizations or representatives, provided that in case of dispute as to the method and the manner and terms of such bargaining the dispute shall be submitted to the Joint Council of Industry.

8. Life Insurance Act amended (c. 61) provides that where a policy on the face of it is for the benefit of a person other than the insured's wife or husband, wife or children, or husband and children, or his or her children, then the insured may by an instrument in writing attached to or endorsed on the policy, absolutely revoke the benefit, provided the insured shall not alter or revoke the benefit of any person who is a beneficiary for value.

9. District Hail Insurance Act (c. 62) provides for the organization of rural municipalities into Hail Insurance districts. A Board of nine members, one representative to be appointed by the council of each municipality, to have a corporate existence and power to carry on business of Hail Insurance under the provisions of the Act. The Board has power to strike a rate to be levied upon each crop insured under the Act, and each municipality within the Hail Insurance district is required to pay to the Board the amount of the tax levied.

10. The Legitimation Act (c. 72) provides that the marriage of parents of any child born out of lawful wedlock shall have the effect of making such child legitimate from the time of birth.

II. Provincial Police Act (c. 102) establishes a Commissioner to be the head of the Provincial Police, and, except as provided for in the Act, the Civil Service Act is to apply to members of the Provincial Police Force.

12. The Tax Commission Act (c. 134) establishes a Commission as a branch of the Department of the Municipal Commissioner to be composed of three members with duties and powers, inter alia, as follows: To supervise assessment laws of the Province and all assessments; to confer with, advise, and direct assessors; prescribe a uniform system of procedure to be observed by assessors in preparation of assessment rolls; to require assessors and other municipal officials to make returns

to the Commission on subjects affecting assessment and taxation; to examine cases of alleged violation of assessment laws; to call together all assessors to study and consider tax problems; to study and investigate tax laws of other Provinces of Canada and other countries; to act as a Board of Equalization to equalize in a fair and equitable manner the valuation and assessment of property in the several municipalities in each of the judicial districts and as between judicial districts; to consider and report upon for the guidance of the Legislature petitions requesting the formation of new municipalities.

13. The Manitoba Temperance Act (c. 135) amends previous Act and provides that liquor may be sold only by Government-appointed vendors at prices fixed by the Government, and that such vendors shall not make any profit on sales made, and sales may be made only to certain persons as specified in the Act, such as physicians, dentists, hospitals, etc.

14. War Relief Act, 1918, amended (c. 150), extending the protection to soldiers from one year after the determination of the war to May 1, 1921. 15. Winnipeg City Charter, 1918, amended (c. 156) to establish a system of municipal election by proportional representation in the city of Winnipeg.

16. The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1916 re-enacted and consolidated (c. 159). The general principle of this Act is compulsory insurance by employers against accident and death of the employees.

5. NEW BRUNSWICK.

[Contributed by THE HON. THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.]

1919.

Jury.-C. 3. An Act representing jurors and juries.

This Act is rather a consolidation of the previous legislation, changing, however, the mode of selection of jurors.

All males between twenty-one and sixty-five years of age are liable to service with a few exceptions. They must be British subjects assessed on real or personal property or both to the amount of $600 or on that amount of income. The new feature is the constitution of a Jury Board composed of the County Court Judge, the County Treasurer, and the Sheriff for each county. Such Board determines the number of jurors required for the circuit and county courts in their county both as Crown and Petit jurors and fixes the number to be placed upon the list at three times the number probably required. The Board selects a list from the jury list, putting upon it such men as in its opinion are the "most discreet and competent for the performance of the duties of jurors." The Sheriff then transcribes the list in alphabetical order and numbers the names in rotation. At least fifteen days before any Circuit or County Court is to be held the Jury Board assemble and the judge of the County Court draws a sufficient number from the list by numbered ballots corresponding to the numbers against the names. Those so drawn are notified that they will be required to serve at the ensuing courts. The Board may draw all panels required for the next three months at the same time, but the names may not be disclosed to anyone except members of the Board and the Crown Prosecutor until six days before the holding of the Court for which such jury panel has been drawn.

Sale of Goods.-C. 4. Sale of Goods Act is an exact reproduction of the Imperial Act 56 and 57 Vict. c. 71.

Factors.-C. 5. The Factors' Act is a reproduction of the Imperial Factors' Act, 1889.

Railways.-C. 17, relating to Provincial Railways, provides that tolls levied by any provincial railway shall be subject to revision, alteration, and amendment by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council or by the Board of Railway Commissioners of Canada if the Lieutenant-Governor in Council shall so order. A provincial railway exacting any toll not so authorized is liable to a penalty. A provincial railway cannot make or amend a toll unless approved by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council or the Board of Railway Commissioners of Canada if referred to them.

A duty is imposed on such company to furnish proper safe and adequate service for the public upon order of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council made upon a report of the Minister of Public Works.

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may also order reconstruction or repair of any part of the railway, and failure to comply subjects the company to a daily penalty.

A regular daily service is also provided for under a penalty for failure to afford the same without an excuse satisfactory to the LieutenantGovernor in Council. In case the railway fails to make the reconstruction or repair required, the work may be done by the Province, and the cost is made a first lien on the railway and other property of the defaulting company.

Lands and Mines.-C. 23 enables the Minister of Lands and Mines to select a tract of wilderness land not exceeding 400 sq. miles as a refuge for game animals and birds.

Evidence.-C. 43 deals with evidence, and provides that the production of a certificate in writing, signed by the officer in charge of estates of the Canadian overseas expeditionary forces or by the director or other head of the record office at the Military Headquarters, Ottawa, or by the officer designated by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council for that purpose, stating that the person named in the certificate was a member of the Canadian expeditionary forces and died while overseas and that he has been officially reported dead, shall be sufficient evidence of the death of said person for any purpose to which the legislative authority of the Province extends.

No official proof of the signature to such certificate is required.

Intoxicating Liquors.-C. 53 provides for the appointment of a Board by means of which the Lieutenant-Governor in Council may take over the business of wholesale vendors of liquor in the Province.

Housing.-C. 54, an Act to provide for better housing, deals with money to be loaned by the Government of Canada to the Province for this purpose. Any city council, town council, or municipal council may adopt the Act upon which such local authority may borrow from the Province for the purpose of carrying out a town-planning scheme or housing scheme or both. Such local authority issues bonds, debentures, certificates of indebtedness, or other security for moneys borrowed under the Act and may loan to any individual or housing company not exceeding 85 per cent. of the cost of the houses and the land upon which they are constructed. The Lieutenant-Governor in Council has power to make regulations for the carrying out of the Act, including provisions for expropriation.

Public Utilities.-C. 61 extends the jurisdiction of the Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities to natural gas.

Women Suffrage.-C. 63 confers the Provincial Franchise upor women.

6. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO.

[Contributed by JOHN DELATRE FALCONBRIDGE, ESQ., K.C.]
Acts passed-167: Public-109; Private-58.

The session held in the spring of 1920 was the first session of the fifteenth legislature of Ontario. As the result of the provincial general election the Conservatives and Liberals together composed one-half the House, and the other half consisted of representatives of the United Farmers of Ontario reinforced by a very small group of Labour representatives. The House contained a large number of new and inexperienced members, and the session was unusually long. The Farmer-Labour Government had practically no majority, but no effort was made by the two old parties to force the Government to appeal to the people.

Election Laws.-C. 2 is the Election Laws Amendment Act, 1920. In each county an Election Board is constituted, consisting of the county judge or judges and other county officials. This Board appoints revising officers for the revision of the lists of voters prepared in the first instance by the clerks of the various municipalities. The selection of polling places is left to the municipal authorities, subject to the approval of the Election Board. The appointment of enumerators for unorganized territory, the naming of places for which lists are to be prepared, and the arrangements for hearing appeals are vested in the Election Board. The qualification of voters is simplified and is made uniform as to the period of previous residence required; provision is made for enabling persons to be entered on the list who in the ordinary course of their business have moved from one electoral district to another within the period of residence required in ordinary cases, and other changes are made in the election law.

Legislative Assembly.-C. 2 is the Legislative Assembly Amendment Act, 1920. Heretofore, under the two-party system, a sessional indemnity of $5,000 had been paid to the Leader of the Opposition, in addition to the ordinary sessional indemnity; but this arrangement seemed no longer just or practicable when the Opposition was divided into two substantially equal groups. For the year ending October 31, 1920, it is enacted that the sum of $5,000 be divided between the Opposition Leaders, and for the future it is enacted that the sum of $1,500 be paid to each member recognized by the Speaker as Leader of an Opposition group of fifteen or more members in the Legislative Assembly.

Public Service Superannuation.-A fund is established (c. 3), composed of equal contributions by the Government and by the civil servants, the amounts ranging from 2 per cent. to 5 per cent. of the salary, according to the age of the civil servant at the time of entering the service or at the commencement of the Act. Retirement is made compulsory (subject to certain exceptions) at the age of seventy years and optional on the part of the civil servant at the age of sixty-five. The retiring allowance is fixed at one-fiftieth of the salary multiplied by the number of years of service, not exceeding thirty, and is limited in amount to

1

$2,000 per annum. In case of the death of the civil servant, before or after superannuation, one-half of the retiring allowance is to be paid to the widow and to children under eighteen years of age.

Financial Measures.-The scale of duties under the Succession Duty Act is considerably increased (c 8). The taxes payable by insurance companies and banks, and the stamp tax on the transfer of securities, are increased (c. 9). There is a great increase in the tax on race-track meetings-from the sum of $1,250 for each day of a race meeting to $7,500 a day (c. 9). Race meetings are also subject to an amusement tax, generally not less than 25 cents on each admission. The Amusements Tax Act is also amended so as to bring within its operation hotels, restaurants, and dining-rooms in which dancing of a public character is part of the entertainment (c. 11).

Mining. For about thirty years there has been a Bureau of Mines, a sub-department of the Ministry of Lands, Forests, and Mines. Provision is now made for separate departments, one of Mines, the other of Lands and Forests, under separate ministers (c. 12). There are also some amendments to the Mining Act in other respects, including a provision for the free assay of samples of gold, silver, copper, lead, metallic iron, tin, or tungsten by the Provincial Assayer at Toronto (c. 13).

Export of Pulp Wood.-Power is conferred on the Government to suspend the operation of what is known as the " manufacturing condition" (that is, the statutory condition attached to all timber licences and pulpwood concessions requiring the manufacture of the product in Canada), when, owing to the lack of labour, capital, or satisfactory markets, or the increase in fire risk, it seems advisable that the pulp-wood should be removed (c. 14).

Railway Extension.-Authority is given to the Government to extend the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway from its present terminus at Cochrane (the point of junction with the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway) to James Bay-the southern projection of Hudson Bay (c. 17). Apart from the preliminary work, action under this statute will, however, depend upon appropriations to be made in the future by the Legislative Assembly.

Hydro-electric Power.-Among other amendments of the Power Commission Act is one enabling township municipalities to enter into contracts with the Hydro-electric Power Commission for the establishment of distributing stations, to be operated by the Commission-the cost to be provided for by the rates charged to customers (c. 18). More effective provision is also made for preventing power companies from using more water at Niagara Falls or developing more power than may be authorized by their franchises (c. 19). This is a matter of public importance in view of the fact that the amount of water to be used on each side of the river is limited by the International Waterways Treaty. The construction of the Chippewa-Queenstown power canal and the increased demands for power make it necessary to conserve as far as possible the available supply of water.

Highways. Provision is made for the expenditure of $3,000,000 per annum for five years on highway improvement (c. 20), and other amendments are made in the statutes relating to highways (cc. 21-5).

Agriculture. Provision is made for Government loans to co-operative marketing associations (c. 54), and for the testing of cream and milk purchased for sale, shipment, or manufacture (c. 85).

Returned Soldiers.-The powers of the Soldiers' Aid Commission are