He outlines, for example, the German trading-with-the-enemy legislation. Before the war, he tells us, trading with the enemy was not directly prohibited in Germany; but on September 30, 1914, the German Government, by way of reprisal, issued a decree prohibiting all payments to Great Britain. This Decree was afterwards extended to other enemy countries, and a later Decree of December 16, 1916, authorised the cancellation of contracts with enemies. The first interference with British businesses in Germany was through the State supervision provided for by a Decree of September 4, 1914. The supervisor could veto any act or dealings by enemy-controlled firms, but he was not entitled to intervene in the management. Soon, however, in December 1914, new Decrees authorised the compulsory administration of such undertakings, though, remarks Mr. Armstrong, "the administration of enemy businesses was, as a rule, conducted with a careful eye to their conservation." But in 1916 Germany, in reprisal for the British Trading with the Enemy Amendment Act, went further, and authorised the Chancellor to order the complete liquidation of British-controlled undertakings, and finally, in April 1917, a Custodian of Enemy Property was appointed. This step had been taken in Great Britain more than two and a half years before; but in other respects it appears from Mr. Armstrong's summary that Germany quickly followed Great Britain's lead. That Germany should have followed, and not led, was due partly perhaps to the more lenient legal doctrine prevailing there before the war, but mainly no doubt to the German conception of what was most beneficial to Germany. Mr. Armstrong has succeeded completely in a comparatively easy task. Perhaps he was wise not to attempt a more ambitious enterprise. While so few points have as yet been authoritatively determined, and so many new decisions are becoming available from month to month, practitioners could not safely rely on any commentary, however excellent. No legal historian is yet in a position to make a comparative study of war legislation. The story of the Treaty legislation will be lost or locked up in the Foreign Offices for a generation. It may be long, therefore, before the standard work can be written. R. F. RoxBURGH. OF COMPARATIVE LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. EDITED FOR THE SOCIETY OF COMPARATIVE LEGISLATION BY SIR LYNDEN MACASSEY, K.B.E., K.C., LL.D. AND C. E. A. BEDWELL, Esq. ... “ Δεῖ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἐπισκέψασθαι πολιτείας ἵνα τό τ ̓ ὀρθῶς ἔχον ὀφθῃ καὶ τὸ χρήσιμον." - ARIST. Pol. II. 1. THIRD SERIES. VOL. IV., PART IV LONDON: SOCIETY OF COMPARATIVE LEGISLATION, 1, ELM COURT, TEMPLE, E.C.4. 1922. [All rights reserved.] All communications to be addressed to the Hon. Secretaries, I, Elm Court, Temple, E.C.4. The annual subscription to the Society is one guinea. Printed in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. CONTENTS PAGE I. AUSTRALIA AND THE PRIVY COUNCIL 137 Contributed by the HON. SIR JOSIAH H. SYMON, K.C.M.G., K.C. 2. LEGAL TRAINING IN AMERICA 152 Contributed by EDWARD JENKS, Esq., M.A., D.C.L. 3. THE RAILWAYS ACT, 1921. 162 Contributed by SIR LYNDEN MACASSEY, K.B.E., K.С. 4. INTERNATIONAL CONDUCT DURING THE WORLD WAR Contributed by Arnold D. MCNAIR, Esg. 176 5. THE CRIMINAL LAW AND THE CRIMINAL INSANE Contributed by DR. LETITIA FAIRFIELD. 191 6. THE CANADIAN CONSTITUTION AND COMPANY LEGISLATION Contributed by PROFESSOR BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L. 201 7. TRIAL BY JURY 210 Contributed by MISS MONICA M. GEIKIE Cobb. 8. THE JUDICIAL RECOGNITION OF CUSTOM IN INDIA Contributed by LINDESAY J. ROBERTSON, Esg. 218 9. NOTES ON EGYPTIAN LAW 229 Contributed by SIR MALCOLM MCILWRAITH, K.C.M.G., К.С. 233 10. NOTES ON IMPERIAL CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Contributed by PROFESSOR BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L. II. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LEGISLATION. NOTES AND REVIEWS 242 Contributed by SIR LYNDEN MACASSEY, Κ.Β.Ε., Κ.Ο. The British Year Book of International Law. W. S. M. K. The International Law Association : Report of the Thirtieth Hyde, W. Cheney, International Law, chiefly as inter- |