standard III. Lack of teachers, unsuitable buildings and the fact that one-fifth of the recognised schools and almost all the unrecognised vernacular schools are controlled by monks who are generally averse from adopting western methods of education are the main difficulties in the way of any scheme of compulsory education. There were 18,516 monastic schools, and of these only 1,124 (with 72,794 pupils) were aided. Secondary Education. The number of vernacular secondary schools for boys again showed a decrease from 1,269 to 1,158, but attendance increased by more than 2,000 and stood at 120,251. The reason for this decrease was a general policy of concentration due to the realisation by most local bodies of the extravagance of maintaining many sparsely attended secondary schools. The problem of the best means of providing text-books in the vernacular for the use of secondary schools came under consideration during the year, but no final decision was reached. The annual prize offered by Government for the best text-book in Burmese was not awarded, because none of the works entered was considered worthy. Collegiate Education. The numbers in University College increased during the year from 817 to 1,068, while in Judson College there were 315, compared with 303 in the previous year. The principal of the latter College reported an increasing percentage of Burmese students and the registration of the first two Kachin students to enter the University. In the M.A. examination six candidates out of seven passed, and in the M.Sc. examination three were presented and all passed. In the B.A. Examination 60 out of 83 passed, against 51 out of 72 in the previous year. In the B.Sc. examination 23 out of 45 passed against 58 entries and 31 passes in the previous year. In the Intermediate examination 193 out of 399 passed; in 1925-26 the corresponding figures were 223 and 397. bâtiments appropriés et opposition des prêtres, adversaires des méthodes occidentales d'enseignement) empêchent l'établissement de l'enseignement obligatoire. Il existe 18.516 écoles dirigées par des religieux, dont 1124 seulement (comptant 72.794 élèves) sont subsidiées. Enseignement secondaire. Le nombre des écoles indigènes du second degré est tombé de 1269 à 1158, par suite d'une opération de concentration. La population de ces écoles est passée à 120.251 élèves, soit une augmentation de plus de 2000 élèves. Enseignement supérieur. La population de « l'University College» est passée de 817 à 1068 étudiants et celle de « Judson College», de 303 à 315 étudiants. Il y a lieu de noter l'inscription de deux étudiants Kachin. Enseignement professionnel et technique. Il y a lieu de noter une diminution assez sensible du nombre des étudiants sur les chiffres de l'année dernière. Les Karen occupent la première Enseignement pour maliométans et classes spéciales. place parmi les classes spéciales quant au nombre d'élèves et au degré d'avancement au point de vue de l'instruction. Quatorze écoles Karen anglo-indigènes comptaient 4538 élèves, tandis que 42.676 élèves fréquentaient les écoles indigènes. Vingt-quatre mille sept cent seplante-six enfants mahométans ont fréquenté les écoles. 89 % ont Numerically the largest and educationally the most advanced of the special classes is the Karen with over 50,000 children in public institutions; there were during the year 14 Karen Anglo-vernacular schools with an attendance of 4,538, and in vernacular schools the attendance increased to 42,676, although owing to a policy of concentration there was a slight decrease in the number of recognised Karen vernacular schools. There were 24,776 Mahomedan children under instruction, an increase of 5,000 in five years; of these the percentage working in recognised schools was 98. There were 90 Mahomedan students in Colleges, and 8,838 in secondary schools, but the Mahomedan percentage here dropped from 4.7 to 4.6, which (*) From University College, Rangoon. shows that this community did not contribute towards the general increase. The number of Shans under instruction was 16,326, which is much the same as in 1925-26. Kachins had 1,994 children in vernacular schools; Chins 445 in Anglo-vernacular and 2,474 in vernacular schools. The Government vernacular schools at Haka, Tiddim and Falam were converted into Anglo-vernacular schools. Other communities under this heading are the Chinese with 5 aided Anglo-vernacular schools and 720 non-aided vernacular schools; and non-Muslim Indian (mostly Tamils and Telugus) with 15 Anglo-vernacular schools attended by 3,824 children, and 55 vernacular schools with an attendance of 3,584. As a result of opening Tamil and Telegu elementary classes the percentage of trained teachers has increased. Female Education. The total number of girls under instruction was 171,698, of whom 166,088 were working in colleges or recognised schools; the colleges showed an increase of 17 students, High Departments 73, Middle Departments 664, Upper Primary Departments 1,371, Lower Primary Departments 13,853. It is estimated that only about 20 per cent of the girls of school-going age were at school. Seventyeight per cent of the girls under instruction were in boy's schools, i. e., in mixed schools where the majority of the pupils were boys, suiri les cours d'écoles reconnues. 90 étudiants mahométans ont fréquenté les collèges et 8838 les écoles secondaires. Seize mille trois cent vingt-six enfants Shan ont fréquenté les écoles; les Kachins ont envoyé 1994 enfants dans les écoles indigènes; les Chins en ont envoyé 445 dans les écoles anglo-indigènes et 2474 dans les écoles indigènes. Les écoles indigènes gouvernementales de Haka, Tiddim et Falam ont été transformées en écoles anglo-indigènes. Les Chinois comptent 5 écoles anglo-indigènes subsidiées et 720 écoles indigènes non subsidiées. Les Hindous non musulmans (des Tamils et des Telugus pour la plupart) ont 15 écoles anglo-indigènes fréquentées par 3824 élèves et 55 écoles indigènes comptant 3584 élèves. Enseignement féminin. Le nombre des jeunes filles recevant de l'instruction s'est élevé à 171.698, dont 166.088 ont fréquenté les collèges ou les écoles reconnues. On estime que 20 % seulement des jeunes filles en âge d'école fréquentent les établissements scolaires. Il n'existe pas de prévention en Birmanie contre les écoles mixtes, les parents retirant leurs filles très tôt des écoles. LITTÉRATURE ET PRESSE. Publications enregistrées. Le nombre des publications enregistrées en 1926 a été de 167, en légère diminution sur les chiffres antérieurs. 128 d'entre elles étaient rédigées en birman, 15 en for in Burma there is little feeling against co-education. This, however, is only because parents remove their daughters from school at a very early age. LITERATURE AND THE PRESS. Publications Registered. The number of publications registered in the year 1926 fell slightly to 167, of which 128 were in Burmese, 15 in Burmese-Pali, and 8 in English. Works on religion rose to the unusually high figure of 103. Presses, Newspapers and Periodicals. Besides the three Government presses, there were 332 presses in Burma at the close of the year an increase of 11 over the number for the previous year. The number of presses in Rangoon was 121, or 8 less than in the year 1925-26. In Mandalay District there were 80, an increase of 10. The number of newspapers rose by 6 to 62; of these 19 were daily papers, including eight published in Burmese, 7 in English, 3 in Chinese and 1 in Tamil. Six other English newspapers, nine Burmese and two Gujarati were published more than once in the week. There were 17 weeklies, 6 in English, 5 in Burmese, and the rest in other languages. Forty-nine newspapers, an increase of eight over the total for the previous year, were published in Rangoon, and five, as before in Mandalay. Ten new newspapers were started and four discontinued; other changes were due to re-classification. Out of the 61 periodicals published, excluding those issued by Government, 27 were in English, 17 in Burmese, 5 in English and Burmese and the rest in Urdu, Tamil, Bengali, and the dialects of Karen. Including Government periodisals, the total issued was 171, of which only 18 were published outside Rangoon. birman-pali et 8 en anglais. Les ouvrages traitant de sujets religieux se sont élevés au chiffre extraordinaire de 103. Imprimeries Journaux et périodiques. Outre les 3 imprimeries gouvernementales, il en existait 332 en Birmanie à la fin de l'année, soit 11 en plus que l'année passée. Le nombre des journaux est passé à 62 (soit une augmentation de 6) comprenant 19 quotidiens (dont 8 sont rédigés en birman, 7 en anglais, 3 en chinois et 1 en tamil);6 autres journaux anglais, 9 birmans et 2 gujarati paraissent plus d'une fois par semaine. Il existe 17 hebdomadaires (dont 6 sont rédigés en anglais, 5 en birman, les autres en diverses autres langues). Parmi les 61 périodiques en dehors de ceux du gouvernement qui paraissent, 27 sont rédigés en anglais, 17 en birman, 5 en anglais et birman, les autres, en urdu, tamil, bengali et dans les dialectes Karen. En y comprenant les périodiques du gouvernement, le nombre de ces publications s'élève à 171, dont 18 seulement paraissent en dehors de Rangoon. 22nd September 1927. Act no XXV of 1927. Act further to amend the Indian Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, for a certain purpose. XLV of 1860. V of 1898. Whereas it is expedient further to amend the Indian Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, for the purpose hereinafter appearing; It is hereby enacted as follows : 1. This Act may be called the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1927. Insertion of new section 295A in Act XLV of 1860. 2. After section 295 of the Indian Penal Code, the following section shall be inserted, namely: Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class, by insulting its religion or religious beliefs. « 295 A. Whoever, with deliberate and malicious intention of outraging the religious feelings of any class of His Majesty's subjects, by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representations, insults or attempts to insult the religion or the religious beliefs of that class, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. » Amendment of Act V of 1898. 3. (Consequential administrative amendments). V of 1898. Amendment of Act V' of 1898. 22 septembre 1927. Acte no XXV de 1927. Nouvel acte amendant, pour un sujet spécial, l'Indian Penal Code et le Code de Procédure Criminelle. 1. Cet acte peut être appelé Criminal law (Amendement) Act. 1927. 2. Après le paragraphe 295 de l'Indian Penal Code on insérera ce qui suit : 295. A. Sera passible d'amende ou d'emprisonnement toute personne qui aurait, par ses actes, outragé la religion ou offensé les croyances religieuses de n'importe quelle classe. 3. Cet article énonce certains amendements de caractère administratif, ou « Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898. » NAVIGATION 9th September 1927. Act no XIV of 1927. XXI of 1923. Whereas it is expedient further to amend the Indian Merchant Shipping Act, 1923, for the purpose hereinafter appearing; It is hereby enacted as follows: Short title and commencement. 1. (1) This Act may be called the Indian Merchant Shipping (Amendment) Act, 1927. (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Governor General in Council may, by notification in the Gazette of India, appoint. Insertion of new sections 209 B, 209C and 2091 in Act XXI of 1923. 2. After section 209A of the Indian Merchant Shipping Act, 1923 (hereinafter referred to as the said Act), the following sections shall be inserted, namely: Notice of sailing of pilgrim ship. 209B. (1) The master, owner or agent of any ship which is intended to sail on a voyage as a pilgrim ship from any port or place in British India shall, before advertising such ship for the conveyance of pilgrims or offering to convey any pilgrim by such ship or selling or permitting any person to sell a passage ticket to any pilgrim for conveyance by such ship, supply to the prescribed officer (hereinafter referred to as the Pilgrim Officer) at the port or place from which the ship is to commence the voyage, and at each port or place in British India at which it is to touch for the purpose of (2) The master, owner or agent shall supply to the Pilgrim Officer, within three days from the date of demand, such further information in regard to the matters mentioned in subsection (1) as that officer may in writing demand from him. (3) Within such time as may be prescribed before the date of the sailing of any such ship from any port or place in British India, the master, owner or agent of the ship shall advertise at such port or place in such manner as may be prescribed (a) the place of destination of the ship, (b) the proposed date of sailing from that port or place which shall be the date communicated to the Pilgrim Officer under sub-section (1), and (c) the price of each class of passage tickets, which shall not be in excess of the price communicated to the Pilgrim Officer under sub-section (1). (4) Any master, owner or agent who (a) without reasonable cause, the burden of proving which shall lie upon him, fails or refuses to supply any particulars or information which he is by or under this section required to supply or supplies false particulars or information, or 9 septembre 1927. Acte no XIV de 1927. Nouvel acte amendant l'Indian Shipping Act. 1923. 1. Cet acte peut être appelé l'Indian Merchant Shipping (Amendment) Act. 1927. 2. Après le paragraphe 209 A on insère ce qui suit: 209 B. 1. Le propriétaire d'un navire destiné à un pélérinage doit avant de convoquer les pélerins, donner au « Pilgrim Officer » du port d'embarquement tous les détails au sujet du bateau et du voyage projeté. 2. Ce paragraphe énumère les manquements qui seraient susceptibles de pénalités : refus de donner les renseignements exigés, faux renseignements, etc. 209 C. Cet article prévoit qu'en cas de délai au départ du navire le patron devra payer aux pélerins inscrits pour le voyage une compensation pour chaque jour de retard. C'est l'officier du port qui fixe le montant de la compensation. En cas de contestation, le bateau sera retenu et la justice décidera. 209 D. Le propriétaire peut en cas d'avarie substituer un autre bateau remplissant les mêmes conditions. |